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| 1714 |
| | Fahrenheit perfects the mercury thermometer and decides on a 180-degree interval between the freezing and boiling points of water | |
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| 1742 |
| | Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius proposes 100 degrees between the freezing and boiling points of water | |
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| 1745 |
| | The principle of the Leyden jar is discovered by an amateur German physicist, Ewald Georg von Kleist, dean of the cathedral in Kamin | |
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| 1752 |
| | Benjamin Franklin flies a kite into a thunder cloud to demonstrate the nature of electricity | |
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| 1761 |
| | Scottish chemist and physicist Joseph Black observes the latent heat in melting ice | |
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| c. 1785 |
| | French physicist Charles Augustin de Coulomb begins publishing his discoveries in the field of electricity and magnetism | |
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| 1803 |
| | English chemist John Dalton reads a paper describing his Law of Partial Pressure in gases (discovered in 1801) | |
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| 1817 |
| | German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer observes and draws dark lines in the solar spectrum | |
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| 1820 |
| | French physicist André Marie Ampère begins his researches into the links between electricity and magnetism | |
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| 1821 |
| | French physicist Augustin Jean Fresnel publishes the theory that light is a transverse wave, thus explaining polarization effects | |
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